Publications

Organisational Readiness for the PEQF

CEFEUS Delivering a Brexit Border-2018

Police Federation’s Annual Pay and Morale Survey

Risk Management in relation to Firearms Licensing

Effects of the use of targets in the police recruitment - MSc Operational Report

Crime and Intelligence Analysis through Partnership

Mandatory Police Training and Motivation - MSc Operational Report

Summary report - Advanced Detective Training

PFEW research Final Canterbury Christ Church University

Bryant, R., Blackburn, B., Arditti, R. and Lewis, H. 2023. Neighbourhood policing in the Metropolitan Police Service – 8 April 2022. Canterbury Centre for Policing Research.

Makinde, M., Cant, S., McCusker, S., Chatterjee, A., Schutte, L., Barbin, A. and Matthews, K. 2023. Safe nights out: Workers’ perspectives on tackling violence against women and girls. Canterbury: Canterbury Christ Church University.

Funicelli, Michel, Salphati, Sarah, Ungureanu, Sabina and Laurence, Jean-Roch 2023. Examining levels of processing using verbal and pictorial stimuli with the complex trial protocol in a mock theft scenario. Biological Psychology. 183, p. 108666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108666

Lydon, D. 2022. Policing futures: transforming the evidence-based policing paradigm through interdisciplinarity and epistemological anarchism. Policing and Society. 33 (3), pp. 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2022.2101648

Hallenberg, K., Lydon, D. and Kapageorgiadou, V. 2022. This is not a drill: police preparedness for climate emergency. Policing Insight.

Lydon, D. Emmanuel, P. 2022. New insights to county lines drug supply networks: a research note on a study of police experiences of the intersectionality of victimhood and offending. British Society of Criminology Research Bulletin.

Dempster, Tammy, Spruin, Liz and Mozova, Katarina 2022. Facility dogs in UK courtrooms: Public perspective. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2133662

O’Neill, Martin 2021. Evidence by Roderick Munday, Oxford University Press, 2019, 10th edition, 542 pp., £34.99 (paperback), ISBN 13: 978-0198832461. The Law Teacher. 55 (3), pp. 417-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2021.1896852

Cockcroft, T. and Hallenberg, K. 2021. Unpacking the Blue Box: structure, control and education in policing. Policing and Society. 32 (9), pp. 1146-1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.2016755

Funicelli, M., White, L., Ungureanu, S. and Laurence, J.-R. 2021. An independent validation of the EEG-based complex trial protocol with autobiographical data and corroboration of its resistance to a cognitively charged countermeasure. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 46 (3), pp. 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-

Bryant, R., Kent, A. and Hills, J. 2020. Project 7708 understanding heritage crime in Kent and Medway – a data analytical approach.

Bryant, R., Christie, S., Heaton, R., Ozcakir Mozova, K. and Ms Becky Thomson 2020. Preventing and countering CSE in SE Kent school-based peer mentorship schemes.

Lydon, D. 2020. The construction and shaping of protesters’ perceptions of police legitimacy: a thematic approach to police information and intelligence gathering. Police Practice and Research. 22 (1), pp. 678-691. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1722665

Lydon, D. 2020. The construction and shaping of protesters' perceptions of police legitimacy: a thematic approach to police information and intelligence gathering. Police Practice and Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1722665.

Spruin, E., Ozcakir Mozova, K., Dempster, T. and Freeman, R. 2020. The use of facility dogs to bridge the justice gap for survivors of sexual offending. Social Sciences. 9 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060096

Spruin, E., Dempster, T. and Ozcakir Mozova, K. 2020. Facility dogs as a tool for building rapport and credibility with child witnesses. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.

Williams, E. and Hesketh, I. (2019) ‘Twitter: A new Tardis for policing’ in Mitchell, R. and Huey, L. (eds) Evidence Based Policing Chicago: Policy Press

Kaasik. J & Tong. S (2019) The Schengen Evaluation Mechanism: Exploring the Views of Experts in the Field of Police Cooperation, European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, Winter 2018/2019.

Massey, K (2019) "Staff experiences of working in a Sexual Assault Referral Centre: the impacts and emotional tolls of working with traumatised people." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology

Spruin, E., Mozova, K., Franz, A., Mitchell, S., Fernandez, A., Dempster, T., & Holt, N. (2019). The Use of Therapy Dogs to Support Court Users in the Waiting Room. International Criminal Justice Review.

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Tong. S & O’Neill, M (2019) ‘Advance Detective training: specialist degrees in early attempts to professionalise investigation’ in Policing: A Journal for Policy and Practice.

Williams, E., Norman, J., and Nixon, K., (2018) Violence Against Women: Public health or Law Enforcement Problem. Or both? International Journal of Police Science and Management. Vol 20 (3)

Heaton, R. and Tong, S (2019) Lesson-learning not Blame: Realistic or Optimistic? Police Professional.

O'Neill, M. 2019. What is going on? Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 5 (3), pp. 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-09-2019-056

Hill, S. and O'Neill, M. 2019. Reviewing the situation: practitioner perspectives on the use and effectiveness of 28 day homicide reviews. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 5 (3), pp. 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-04-2019-0029

Tong, S. and O'Neill, M. 2019. Professionalizing criminal investigation: an examination of an early attempt to support specialization in criminal investigation. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz010

Ozcakir Mozova, K. 2019. Investigative challenges relating to gang-related homicide: senior investigating officers’ perspectives. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 5 (3), pp. 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-04-2019-0024/full/html

Bryant, R. 2019. Commentary - guns and psychiatry: what psychiatrists need to know. BJPsych Advances. https://doi.org/BJPsychAdv-19-0039

Bryant, R., Arditti, R. and Gustafson, K. 2019. Assessing the threat posed by registered firearms dealers in the UK. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz031

Hadfield. A, Tong. S & Swallow. P (2018) Kent and Medway: Delivering a Brexit Border Policing, Security, Freight and Customs, Canterbury: Canterbury Christ Church University.

Horvath, M. and Massey, K. (2018) The impact of witnessing other people's trauma: the resilience and coping strategies of members of the faculty of forensic and legal medicine. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. ISSN 1752-928X

Horvath, M. and Massey, K. (2018) The impact of witnessing other people's trauma: the resilience and coping strategies of members of the faculty of forensic and legal medicine. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. ISSN 1752-928X

Williams, E. & Cockcroft. T (2018) ‘Knowledge wars: professionalisation, organisational justice and competing knowledge paradigms in British Policing’. In: Huey, L. and Mitchell, R., eds. Evidence-Based Policing: An Introduction. policy press. (In Press)

Tong, S. & Hallenberg, K.M. (2018) ‘Education and the police professionalisation agenda: a perspective from the United Kingdom’. In Rogers, C. & Frevel, B. (eds) Higher Education and Policing Across the World.

Heaton. R, Bryant. R & Tong. S (2018) ‘Operational Risk, Omissions and Liability in Policing’, The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles.

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Foley, J. and Massey, K. (2018) Police officers and post-traumatic stress disorder: discussing the deficit in research, identification and prevention in England and Wales. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles.

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Horvath, M. and Massey, K. (2018) The impact of witnessing other people's trauma: the resilience and coping strategies of members of the faculty of forensic and legal medicine. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. ISSN 1752-928X.

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O'Neill, M. (2018) Key challenges in criminal investigation. Bristol: Policy Press.

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O’Neill, M (2018) The art and science of investigation. In Milne, B, & Griffiths, A. (eds). Psychology of Criminal Investigation: Theory into Practice. Routledge.

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O'Neill, M. (Forthcoming) Modern criminal investigation from a legal comparative perspective, in Den Boer, M (Ed) Comparative Policing, Elgar online, e book.

O'Neill, M. and Jones, D. (2018) Evidence-based police training: the bedrock of effective criminal investigation? In: Milne, R. and Griffiths, A., eds. The psychology of criminal investigation: from theory to practice. Routledge.

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Spalding. A (2018) ‘Medical Justice v Secretary of State for the Home Department’, Journal of Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Law 50 32(1).

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Williams, E. (2018) Patient perspectives of being detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act: findings from a qualitative study in London. Medicine Science and Law.

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Williams, E. & Cockcroft. T (2018) ‘Knowledge wars: professionalisation, organisational justice and competing knowledge paradigms in British Policing’. In: Huey, L. and Mitchell, R., eds. Evidence-Based Policing: An Introduction. policy press. (In Press).

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Williams. E & Hesketh. I (2018) ‘Twitter, A New Tardis for Policing?’ In: Huey, L. and Mitchell, R., eds. Evidence-Based Policing: An Introduction. policy press. (In Press).

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Antoniou, A. and Akrivos, D. (2017) Indecent images and defamatory meaning in late modern societies: taking ordinary, reasonable readers outside their ivory tower. Journal of Media Law. pp. 1-18. 

Hallenberg, K. and Cockcroft, T. (2017) From indifference to hostility: police sfficers, organisational responses and the symbolic value of ‘in-service’ higher education in policing. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. ISSN 1752-4512. 

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Tong, S (2017) Professionalising policing: seeking viable and sustainable approaches to police education and learning, CEPOL Science Bulletin.

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Heaton. R and Tong. S (2017) ‘Set in Stone?’, 8th November, Police Professional.

Wood. D, Cockcroft. T, Tong. S & Bryant. R (2017) ‘The importance of context and cognitive agency in developing police knowledge: going beyond the police science discourse’ The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles.

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Alexandros, K & Akrivos. D (2017) The Rise of extreme porn, Springer.

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Antoniou, A. and Akrivos, D. (2017) Indecent images and defamatory meaning in late modern societies: taking ordinary, reasonable readers outside their ivory tower. Journal of Media Law. pp. 1-18.

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Graca, S. (2017) 'Portuguese culture and legal consciousness: a discussion of immigrant women's perceptions of and reactions to domestic violence' International Journal of Law in Context.

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Graca, S. (2017) 'Domestic Violence Policy and Legislation in the UK: a discussion of Immigrant Women's Vulnerabilities ' European Journal of Current Legal Issues' available at:

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Mockeridge, J. (2017) Responsibilisation in the Youth Justice Service: repositioning marginalised knowledge. In: Atkinson, K., Huber, A. and Tucker, K., eds. Voices of Resistance: Subjugated knowledge and the challenge to the criminal justice system. London: EG Press Limited.

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Williams, E. and Hesketh, I. (2017) A new canteen culture: the potential to use social media as evidence in policing. Policing: A journal of policy and practice, 11 (3). pp. 346-355. ISSN 1752-4512.

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Williams. E, Norman. J, and Arun Sondhi (2017) 'Understanding Risks: Practitioner’s Perceptions of the Lottery of Mental Healthcare Available for Detainees in Custody', Policing: A Journal for Policy and Practice

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Williams, E. Arun Sondhi (2017) Health needs and co-morbidity among detainees in contact with healthcare professionals within police custody across the London Metropolitan Police Service area. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. ISSN 1752-928X.

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Norman, J. and Williams, E. (2017) Putting learning into practice: self-reflections from cops. European Police Science and Research Bulletin - Special Conference Edition (3). pp. 197-203. ISSN 1831-1857.

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Heaton. R & Tong, S (2016) ‘Evidence-Based Policing: From Effectiveness to Cost-Effectiveness’ in Policing: A Journal for Policy and Practice, Volume 10   Issue 1   March 2016, pp. 60-70

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Wood, D.A. & Williams, E. (2016) ‘The politics of establishing reflexivity as a core component of good policing’, in Armstrong, S, Blaustein, J, Henry, A (ed) Reflexivity and Criminal Justice: Intersections of Policy, Practice and Research, Palgrave Macmillan

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Williams, E and Stanko, B. (2016) 'Researching Sexual Violence' In Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D Policing Research: Taking lessons from Practice Routledge: London

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Caless, B & Owens, J (2016) Police and Crime Commissioners: The Transformation of Police Accountability, Bristol: Policy Press

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Wood, D.A. (2016) "The importance of liberal values within policing: police and crime commissioners, police independence and the spectre of illiberal democracy", in Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, Vol.26, No.2, pp.148-164

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Wood, D.A. (2016) ‘Can the individual survive the greening of criminology?’, in Matthew Hall (Ed) Greening Criminology in the 21st Century. London: Routledge

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Qi M. (accepted), Facilitating Visual Surveillance with Motion Detections, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Wiley

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Hallenberg, K. (2016) Benefits and challenges of academic police education. In: Phillips, S. W., ed. Change and Reform in Law Enforcement: Old and New Efforts from Across the Globe. IPES. pp. 3-26 ISBN 9781498741682

Antoniou, A. and Akrivos, D. (2016) Hulk Hogan and the demise of Gawker Media: wrestling with problems of celebrity voyeurism, newsworthiness and tabloidisation. Journal of Media Law, 8 (2). pp. 153-172

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Spalding. A (2016) ‘Leaving Saadi Behind? The Future of the UK’s Detained Fast Track Process’, Journal of Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Law 159 30 (2)

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Brunger. M, Tong. S, Caless. B & P. Gilbert (2015) ‘From the briefing room to the class room’: the pedagogical value of researching the police Elites’ in M. Brunger, D. Martin & S. Tong (eds) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lessons from Practice, London: Routledge.

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Bryant, R. & Wood, D. (2015) ‘Researching Professional Development in Policing’, In D. Martin & S. Tong (eds) Researching Police: Taking Lessons from Practice Oxford: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

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Bryant, R. & Roach, J. (2015) Child homicide: profiles of risk according to victim age Journal of Criminal Psychology, Special Issue on Homicidal Behaviour, Summer 2015

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Gannon, T.,  Alleyne, E., Butler, H., Danby, H., Kapoor, A., Lovell, T., Mozova, K.,Spruin, E, Tostevin, T., Tyler, N., & Ciardha, C. (2015). Specialist Group Therapy for Firesetting Behaviour: Evidence of a Treatment Effect from a Non-Randomised Pilot Trial with Male Prisoners. Research and Therapy

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Graca, S. (2015) 'Use of domestic violence services by Portuguese women in England' Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law Taylor & Francis available at:

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Hallenberg, K., Tong, S., & O’Neill, M., (Due 2015) “Watching the Detectives.” In Brunger, M., Tong, S., and Martin, D. (Eds.). Researching Policing: Taking Lessons from Practice. Routledge.

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Caless, B, (Ed) Spruce, B & Underwood, R (Contributors) (2015) Blackstone’s PCSO Handbook, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Caless, B & Tong S (2015) Leading Policing in Europe: An Empirical Study of Police Leadership, Bristol: Policy Press.

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Cales, B & Tong, S (2015) ‘Strategic Police Leadership across Europe: Empirical Study’, European Police Science and Research Bulletin

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Shortall, A. and Azhar, M. A.H.B.(2015) “Forensic acquisitions of WhatsApp data on popular mobile platforms” , The Sixth International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (EST-2015), IEEE Press,  September 3-5, 2015 Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Germany.

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Bryant, R. & Bryant, S. (eds) (2014), Policing Digital Crime, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing

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Bryant, R. & Bryant, S. (eds) with Graça. S, Lawton-Barrett. K, O’Neill. M, Tong. S, Underwood. R, and Wood. D (2014) Blackstone’s Handbook for Policing Students 2015, Ninth Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Cockcroft, T. & Hallenberg, K.M. (2014) Police and Higher Education. Research report. Canterbury Christ Church University.

Bryant, R., Roach, J. & Williams E. (2014) Report for the College of Policing on Crime and Intelligence through Partnership (report for the College Of Policing).

Ó Ciardha, C., Barnoux, M.F.L., Alleyne, E.K.A., Tyler, N., Mozova, K., & Gannon, T.A. (2014). Multiple factors in the assessment of firesetters’ fire interest and attitudes. Legal and Criminological Psychology

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O’Neill, M., and Milne, R., (2014). Success within criminal investigations: Is communication a key component? Bull, R. (Ed). Investigative interviewing. NY: Springer.

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Tennant, M. (2014) ‘Fields of Struggle: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Conflicts over Criminal Justice in England, c. 1820-50’ Social History, 39(1), 36-55

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Alleyne, E., Wood, J.L., Mozova, K., James, M. (2014). Psychological and behavioural characteristics that distinguish street gang members in custody. Legal and Criminological Psychology (online first).

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Bryant, R, Cockcroft, T, Tong, S & Wood, D (2013) ‘Police Training and Education: Past, present and future’, in Brown, J (ed) The Future of Policing: Papers prepared for the Stevens Independent Commission into the Future of Policing in England and Wales, London, Routledge.

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Alys, L, Massey, K & Tong. S (2013) ‘Investigative Decision Making: Missing people and sexual offences, crossroads to an uncertain future’, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp 140-154.

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Gannon, T. A., Ó Ciardha, C., Barnoux, M. F.L., Tyler, N., Mozova, K., & Alleyne, E.K.A. (2013). Male Imprisoned Firesetters Have Different Characteristics to Other Imprisoned Offenders and Require Specialist Treatment. Psychiatry

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Horvath, M.A.H, Alys, L. Massey, K. Pina, A. Scally, M. & Adler, J. (2013) “Basically... Porn is Everywhere”: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Effects that Access and Exposure to Pornography have on Children and Young People.

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Caless, B (Ed) McCormack, P, Spruce, B, & Underwood, R (Contributors) (2013) Blackstone’s Policing for the Special Constable, Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Caless, B & Tong, S (2013) ‘An appropriate space”: chief officers and police accountability’, Police Practice & Research, Volume 14 Issue 1, pp. 4-16.

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Silvestri, M, Tong, S & Brown, J (2013) Gender and police leadership: time for a paradigm shift?, International Journal of Police Science and Management 15, 1 61-72

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Swallow, P (2013) ‘Counter Terrorism Liaison Officers: A Trusted Anachronism?’ in Den Boer and Block (eds) Liaison Officers: Essential Actors in Transnational Policing p171-183 (The Netherlands: Eleven Publishers)

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Bryant. R, Bryant. S, Tong. S & Wood D (2012) ASC 547 Higher Education and Policing, Report submitted to the Higher Education Academy Social Sciences Cluster.

Wood, D. A. (2012) ‘Police complaints in the United Kingdom’, in David MacAlister (Ed) Police-Involved Deaths: The Need for Reform. Vancouver: BC Civil Liberties Association

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Gilbert, P.K., Lewis, C. A., & Mc Guckin, C. (in press). Police downsizing and change processes in Northern Ireland: Retired Police officer’s views on the implementation of the Patten Report on Policing, In S. W. Phillips & D. Das (Eds.), Change and reform in law enforcement: Old and new efforts from across the globe. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis

Tong, S & Wood, D (2011) Graduate Police Officers: releasing the potential for pre-employment university programmes for aspiring police officers, The Police Journal, Volume 84, Number 1, 69-75.

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Horvath, M. A. H, Tong, S & Williams, E (2011) ‘'Critical issues in rape investigation: a UK perspective’ in Journal of Criminal Justice Research, Vol 1 Number 2.

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Adang, O., Beirman, S. E., Dietermann, J., Putz C., Schreiber, M. and Brown, E. (2011) Managing Collective Violence around Public Order Events: an International Comparison, Appeldorn: Politieacademie.

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Qi M., Edgar-Nevill D. (2011), Social networking searching and privacy issues, Information Security Technical Report, vol.16, no. 2, pp.74-78, ISSN: 1363-4127, DOI: 10.1016/j.istr.2011.09.005

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Qurashi, F. (2011) ‘The New Prevent Strategy: Still a Lot to Learn’, in Muslim Council of Britain: Soundings. 

Jacobs, S and Williams, E. (2010) ‘Preliminary Well Being Report into Sickness and Absenteeism within Women Officers and Staff’. British Transport Police internal paper.

Williams, E. (2010) ‘Three BOCU Improving Confidence Report’. MPS, Strategic Research and Analysis Unit internal paper.

Swallow, P (2010) ‘L’extrémisme des défenseurs des droits des animaux: une menace pour l’entreprise? (Animal rights extremism: A threat to businesses?) Sécurité et Stratégie No 2 p.13-19 (Paris: CDSE)

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Wang Y, Qi M, etc (2010), Cybercrime and Relevant Legislation in China, in Pauline Reich (ed.), Cybercrime & Security,  Oxford University Press, May 2010

Wood, D & Tong, S (2009) The future of initial police training: a university perspective, International Journal of Police Science and Management, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2009, pp. 294-305. ISSN: 1478-1603.

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Induruwa, A and Induruwa, S. ‘Application of Grid Computing for fighting Cybercrime’ Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cybercrime Forensics Education and Training CFET 2009, Canterbury Christ Church University, September 2009. ISBN: 978-1-899253-44-9

Induruwa, A. ‘Mobile phone forensics: an overview of technical and legal aspects’, Int. J. Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.169–181, 2009. ISBN: 1751-9128

Stanko, B. Williams, E. (2009) ‘Reviewing Rape and Rape Allegations in London: What are the vulnerabilities of the victims who report to the police?’ In Horvarth, M & Brown, J. Rape: Challenging contemporary thinking. Devon: Willan Publishing

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Tong. S, Bryant. R & Hovarth. M (2009) Understanding Criminal Investigation, Chichester:  Wiley & Sons Publication.

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Williams, E. Norman, J. & Wunsch, D. (2009) Too Little Too Late: Assessing Vulnerability. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Volume 3 (4)

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Bryant, R. (ed.) & Bryant, S. (ed.) (2008) Investigating Digital Crime, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Induruwa, A. ‘Mobile Phone Forensic Investigation – Technical and Legal Challenges’, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cybercrime Forensics Education and Training CFET 2008, Canterbury Christ Church University, September 2008. ISBN: 1899253-19x

Graca, S (2008) ‘Night Time Economy: Cooperation between Formal and Informal Social Control (Case Study of Margate)’ Dalby: Vathek Publishing The Police Journal Vol. 81, Nº2.

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Adang, O., & Brown, E. (2008) Policing Football in Europe; Experiences from Peer Review Evaluations, Appeldorn: Politieacademie.

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Induruwa, A. ‘Managing the Pedagogy of Cybercrime Forensics Study at Post Graduate Level: Challenges and Opportunities’, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cybercrime Forensics Education and Training CFET 2007, Canterbury Christ Church University, September 2007. ISBN 1899253-041

Stephens, P and Induruwa, A. ‘Cybercrime Investigation Training and Specialist Education for the European Union’, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Digital Forensics and Incident Analysis (WDFIA 2007), Samos, Greece, 27-28 August 2007, Published by IEEE Computer Society, pp 28-37. ISBN 0769529410

Wood, D.A. (2007) ‘To regionalize or not to regionalize? A study in the politics of policing in the Greater Vancouver Regional District’. Police Practice and Research. An International Journal. Vol.8, No.3: 283-297

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Tong, S & Bowling, B (2006) ‘Art, Craft and Science of Detective Work’, Police Journal, Volume 79, No 4, pp. 323-329.

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Swallow, P (2003) ‘Proactive terrorist investigations and the use of intelligence’ Journal of Financial Crime Vol. 10 (4) p378-381

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